Optimal Neutral Grounding in Bipolar DC Networks with Asymmetric Loading: A Recursive Mixed-Integer Quadratic Formulation

This paper presents a novel approach to tackle the problem of optimal neutral wire grounding in bipolar DC networks including asymmetric loading, which naturally involves mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) and is challenging solve. MINLP model transformed into recursive quadratic (MIQ) by linearizing hyperbolic relation between voltage powers constant power terminals. A algorithm implemented eliminate possible errors generated linearization. The proposed MIQ assessed two systems compared against three solvers GAMS software. results obtained validate performance model, finds global optimum while reducing losses for with 21, 33, 85 buses 4.08%, 2.75%, 7.40%, respectively, when nodes connected ground are considered. Furthermore, exhibits superior solvers. impact also studied varying number available be grounded. show that reduction imperceptible after third node under study.